| Process | Definition | Usage |
|---|
| Electrolysis | It is a process in which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change. | Electroplating, Production of pure form of some metals |
| Saponification | It is a process of converting fat into soap by treating it with an alkali. | Manufacture of soaps |
| Fermentation | It is a metabolic process in which sugar or carbohydrate is converted to acid, gas or alcohol. | Making of wine, liqour, curd etc. |
| Vulcanisation | It is a process in which natural rubber is treated with sulphur to make it more durable and elastic. | Manufacture of tyres |
| Emulsification | It is a process in which large fat globules are broken down into tiny droplets. The tiny droplets are uniformly distributed in an immiscible liquid to form emulsion. | Emulsions are used in paints, cosmetics, medicines etc. |
| Sublimation | It is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase. | Used in frost-free refrigerators |
| Pasteurisation | It is a heat treatment process to kill bacteria in liquid food or beverages. | Preservation of milk |
| Carbonation | It is a process of mixing carbondioxide in liquids under high pressure. | Making of soft drinks |
| Distillation | It is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. | Separation of gasoline etc. from crude petroleum. |
