| Discovery | Discoverer |
|---|---|
| Circulation of blood (1628) | William Harvey |
| Chloroform (1847) | Simpson and Harrison |
| X-Rays (1895) | Wilhelm Roentgen |
| Malaria Parasite (1897) | Ronald Ross |
| Insulin (1921) | Frederick Banting and Charles H Best |
| Penicillin (1928) | Alexander Fleming |
| HIV Virus (1983) | Luc Montagnier, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Jean-Claude Chermann in Paris and Rober Gallo in USA. |
| Vaccine | Discoverer |
|---|---|
| Small Pox | Edward Jenner |
| Rabies | Louis Pasteur |
| Influenza | Thomas Francis Jr. |
| Measles | Maurice Hilleman |
| Mumps | Maurice Hilleman |
| Chicken Pox | Maurice Hilleman |
| Meningitis | Maurice Hilleman |
| Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B | Maurice Hilleman |
| Pneumonia | Maurice Hilleman |
| Rotavirus | Paul Offit |
| Rubella | Stanley Plotkin |
| Polio | Jonas Salk |
The first vaccine in the world was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796. He created the smallpox vaccine by inoculating a young boy with cowpox, which proved to protect the boy against smallpox.
Maurice Hilleman, American microbiologist made the most number of vaccines. He developed more than 40 vaccines throughout his career, including vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A and B, chickenpox, pneumonia, meningitis, and many others. Hilleman's contributions to vaccine development have saved countless lives and his work has been instrumental in the eradication and control of many infectious diseases.
| Vitamin | Discoverer |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Elmer V McCollum and Marguerite Davis |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) | Casimir Funk |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | DT Smith and EG Hendrick |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | Conrad Elvehje |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | Paul Gyorgy |
| Vitamin B7 (Biotin) | Paul Gyorgy |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | Lucy Wills |
| Vitamin C | A. Hoist and T. Froelich |
| Vitamin D | Edward Mellanby |
| Vitamin E | Katherine Bishop and Herbert Evans |
The first kidney transplant was done in 1954 by a team of doctors led by Dr. Joseph Murray in the United States.
The first liver transplant was conducted in 1963 by Dr. Thomas Starzl in the United States.
The first lung transplant took place in 1963 by Dr. James Hardy in the United States.
The first successful heart transplant was performed in 1967 by Dr. Christiaan Barnard in South Africa.