Rivers and their Places of Origin
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Origin of Rivers
Here are the different processes through a river may originate.
- Rainfall and precipitation: Rivers originate from places of heavy rainfall especially at high altitude. Small streams or rivulets formed by the accumulation of rainfall flow downward and collect more water from other catchment areas to emerge as major rivers.
- Springs and groundwater: Some rivers originate from springs, which are natural outlets where groundwater emerges onto the surface. Springs can occur when underground water sources intersect the land surface, resulting in a continuous flow of water that forms a stream or river.
- Lakes and reservoirs: Rivers can also originate from lakes or reservoirs. When the water level in a lake or reservoir exceeds its outlet capacity, the excess water flows out and begins a downstream journey as a river.
- Glacial meltwater: Glaciers are a significant source of river formation, particularly in mountainous regions. When glaciers melt, the resulting water flows down the slopes, gathering into streams and rivers.
| River | Place of origin |
|---|---|
| Ganga | Gangotri (Uttarakhand) |
| Yamuna | Yamunotri (Uttarakhand) |
| Indus | Mansarovar (Tibet) |
| Narmada | Maikal Hills, Amarkantak (MP) |
| Tapi/Tapti | Satpura Range, Betul (MP) |
| Mahanadi | Nagri Town (Chhattisgarh) |
| Brahmaputra | Angsi glacier (Tibet) |
| Sutlej | Mt Kailash (Tibet) |
| Jhelum | Vernag (Jammu & Kashmir) |
| Beas | Rohtang Pass (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Godavari | Nasik (Maharashtra) |
| Krishna | Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra) |
| Cauvery | Brahmagiri Hills, Coorg (Karnataka) |
| Sabarmati | Udaipur, Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan) |
| Ravi | Chamba (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Pennar | Nandi Hills, Chickballapur (Karnataka) |
| Luni | Pushkar, Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan) |
| Chambal | Janapav, Indore, Vindhyas (MP) |
| Teesta | Tso Lhamo or Cholamu Lake (Sikkim) |
| Rangeet | Rathong Glacier (Sikkim) |
River water disputes and State involved
| Dispute | States Involved |
|---|---|
| Krishna Water dispute | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra |
| Mahadayi/Mandovi Water dispute | Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra |
| Vansadhara Water dispute | Andhra Pradesh and Odisha |
| Cauvery Water dispute | Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Puducherry |
| Babhali Barrage issue | Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra |
| Mulla Periyar Dam issue | Tamilnadu and Kerala |
| Mahanadi Water dispute | Chhattisgarh and Odisha |
Test Yourself on Origin of Rivers
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1. Which river has its origin in Mansarovar lake, Tibet?
2. River Krishna originates from which place in Maharashtra?
3. Which river orginates from the Aravalli Hills in Rajasthan?
4. From which place does river Narmada originate?
5. Which river originates from Tso Lhamo lake in Sikkim?
6. Which river rises near the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh?
7. Mahanadi river originates in which state?
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Test Yourself
Which of the following rivers originate outside India?
Click on all possible answers
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